ABSTRACT
Introdução: o receptor CXCR3/CD183 juntamente com seu indutor IFNy e seus ligantes CXCL9, CXCL10 e CXCL11 têm sido descritos como de grande importância na resposta imune do perfil T helper 1 (Th1). Este grupo de quimiocinas é expresso no microambiente e permite a migração de células ao sítio da infecção para combater o patógeno. Objetivo: revisar o atual estado da arte sobre o papel do receptor CXCR3/CD183 na tuberculose. Metodologia: o presente estudo inclui a revisão narrativa de 12 artigos que foram selecionados a partir de 74 artigos encontrados nas bases de dados PubMed e Sciencedirect entre primeiro de agosto e 31 de outubro de 2014. Resultados: diferentes abordagens vêm sendo utilizadas para o estudo desse receptor. A utilização de modelos animais como camundongos, coelhos e macacos é a mais comum. Porém, ensaios in vitro com células humanas do sangue periférico e efusão pleural também já foram utilizados para representar, com maior fidelidade, a resposta ao Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) pelo sistema imune humano. Esses estudos resultaram em importantes achados sobre o papel do receptor CXCR3 na tuberculose (TB), principalmente quanto à expressão em linfócitos e neutrófilos, assim como o padrão de coexpressão de outros receptores. Conclusão: o CXCR3 é o receptor de uma importante citocina (IP-10) induzida pelo IFN-gama, produzida na resposta Th1, eficaz na resposta à tuberculose. Nesse trabalho, resssalta-se que foram encontrados poucos estudos sobre o tema e isso demonstra a necessidade de realização de novas pesquisas, a fim de melhor investigar o papel desse importante receptor na tuberculose.
Introduction: the CXCR3/CD183 receptor along with its IFNy inducer and its ligands: the chemokines named CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11 are of great importance in the Th1 (T helper 1) immune response. This group of chemokine modulates the migration of cells to the site of infection to defend against the pathogen. Objective: to investigate the current state of the art on the role of the receptor CXCR3/CD183 in tuberculosis. Methodology: the present study includes the narrative review of 12 articles that were selected from 74 articles found in the PubMed and Sciencedirect databases between August 1 and October 31, 2014. Results: different approaches have been used for the study of this receptor. The use of animal models such as mice, rabbits and monkeys is more common. However, in vitro assays with human peripheral blood cells and pleural effusion were also used to represent more faithfully the response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) by the human immune system. These studies resulted in significant findings on the role of the CXCR3 receptor in tuberculosis (TB), especially for expression in lymphocytes and neutrophils, as well as the pattern of co-expression of other receptors. Conclusion: CXCR3 is the receptor for an important cytokine (IP-10) induced by IFN-gamma, produced in the Th1 response, effective in responding to tuberculosis. In this work, it is emphasized that cheeses found few studies on the subject and demonstration, the need for conducting research, in order to better investigate the role of this important receptor in tuberculosis.
Subject(s)
Receptors, ChemokineABSTRACT
Spinal lumbar stenosis is a disease that occurs mainly between the 5th and 7th decade of life and can be congenital or acquired. The latter has many etiologies, but a degenerative cause is the most common. Stenosis is a narrowing of the spinal canal diameter caused by many factors such as bulging discs, hypertrophy of flavum ligament, facet capsule thickening and osteophyte formation. The classical symptom of the disease is sciatic pain, that improves with lumbar flexion and worsens with ambulation. Neurological examination is often normal and the most useful imaging test is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Conservative management consists in non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, muscle relaxants, physical therapy and epidural - radicular infiltrations. Spinal infiltrations have a proven efficacy for pain management. A good result of this therapy predicts a favorable outcome after surgery. Surgical treatment consists in decompression with or without lumbar fusion. The addition of an arthrodesis is recommended for degenerative spondylolisthesis, correction of deformities, recurrent spinal stenosis with instability, sagittal or coronal imbalance and adjacent segment disease.
Subject(s)
Humans , Middle Aged , Lumbar Vertebrae , Spinal Stenosis , Lumbar Vertebrae/pathology , Spinal Stenosis/diagnosis , Spinal Stenosis/pathology , Spinal Stenosis/therapyABSTRACT
Se realizó trabajo con niños y adolescentes de un programa de liderato infantil para instruirlos en el tema de los valores como: tolerancia, trabajo en equipo, amistad, respeto, generosidad, honradez, solidaridad, perseverancia, bondad, entre otros, a manera de prevención de la violencia. Con base en los datos obtenidos había serias deficiencias en cuanto a conceptos de valores y se reconoce la importancia de promover una educación más didáctica y entretenida para así lograr inculcar la enseñanza y que esta prevalezca...
Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Disaster Team , Education , Interpersonal Relations , Physical Exertion , Preventive Medicine , Public Health , Social Behavior , Social Values , Violence , Costa RicaABSTRACT
This work provides new information on agelasid sponges found on the continental shelf off northern Brazil. Agelas sceptrum (Lamarck, 1815) and Agelas wiedenmayeri Alcolado, 1984 have their first record for the Brazilian coast. Agelas dispar Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 and Agelas schmidti Wilson, 1902, previously recorded from Brazil, are cited for the first time off the mouth of the Amazon River.
Este trabalho fornece novas informações sobre esponjas agelasidas encontradas na costa norte da plataforma continental brasileira. Agelas sceptrum (Lamarck, 1815) e Agelas wiedenmayeri Alcolado, 1984 têm seu primeiro registro para a costa brasileira. Agelas dispar Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 e Agelas schmidti Wilson, 1902, registradas anteriormente na costa brasileira, são citadas pela primeira vez ao largo da desembocadura do Rio Amazonas.